WHEN ALGORITHMS MEET MYSTICISM: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF SUFI QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS
Abstrak
Perkembangan pesat Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah secara signifikan mentransformasi metode penelitian kontemporer, termasuk dalam bidang studi Al-Qur’an. Teknologi AI menawarkan berbagai keunggulan penting dalam memproses korpus teks dalam jumlah besar, mengidentifikasi pola-pola linguistik, memetakan hubungan tematik, serta memfasilitasi akses terhadap sumber-sumber tafsir klasik. Dalam konteks studi tafsir, kemampuan tersebut membuka peluang baru bagi pendekatan komparatif, tematik, dan berbasis data dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an. Meskipun demikian, penerapan AI dalam penafsiran Al-Qur’an juga memunculkan sejumlah pertanyaan epistemologis yang penting, khususnya ketika proses interpretasi melibatkan dimensi spiritual dan simbolik teks. Artikel ini mengkaji keterbatasan AI dalam memahami dimensi ishārī Al-Qur’an sebagaimana berkembang dalam tradisi tafsir sufi. Dengan menggunakan metode konseptual-komparatif melalui analisis tekstual terhadap karya-karya tafsir sufi klasik, penelitian ini memperbandingkan pengetahuan algoritmik—yang bertumpu pada komputasi statistik, pengenalan pola, dan pemrosesan data—dengan epistemologi sufi yang menekankan penyucian batin, pengalaman spiritual, dan kashf (penyingkapan) sebagai jalan menuju pemahaman yang lebih mendalam. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa meskipun AI mampu mensimulasikan bahasa interpretatif dan merangkum pandangan-pandangan ilmiah yang telah ada, AI tidak memiliki kesadaran eksistensial, pengalaman transformatif, dan intensionalitas spiritual. Keterbatasan tersebut menjadi semakin nyata dalam penafsiran ayat-ayat simbolik seperti Q. al-Nūr [24]:35, ketika para mufasir sufi membaca citra cahaya sebagai representasi pencerahan batin dan realitas metafisis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa AI semestinya ditempatkan sebagai instrumen metodologis yang mendukung penelitian Al-Qur’an, bukan sebagai pengganti otoritas interpretatif manusia. Meskipun AI dapat meningkatkan akses, pengorganisasian, dan analisis tekstual, teknologi tersebut tidak dapat sepenuhnya memahami hermeneutika spiritual yang menjadi inti dari tafsīr ishārī.
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